Francesco Cappuccio, professor of cardiovascular medicine and epidemiology at the University of Warwick, explains: “Switching from cigarettes to e-cigarettes does not eliminate the damage to the heart.”
“Overdose of nicotine mainly causes the small blood vessels in the lungs to harden, causing pulmonary hypertension, or high blood pressure in the blood vessels in the lungs, which puts strain on the heart,” he says. This can eventually lead to heart failure.
Additionally, e-cigarettes can cause pulmonary fibrosis, where the lungs become damaged and scarred. “This stiffens the lungs, reduces circulation, causes high blood pressure and puts strain on the left side of the heart,” Professor Cappuccio added.
He described it as “extraordinary” that the heart health of people who smoke e-cigarettes is deteriorating “very quickly”.
become pessimistic
The benefits of looking on the bright side of life were proclaimed by Monty Python decades ago, and doing so can actually benefit your health.
Researchers at University College London followed more than 350 patients who were hospitalized after the blood supply to the heart was cut off, usually due to a heart attack or angina pectoris. Before being discharged from the hospital, patients completed a questionnaire assessing their optimism and recorded information about their lifestyle.
A study published in 2015 found that the most pessimistic patients were twice as likely to have a heart attack, need heart surgery, or die over the next four years than the most optimistic patients. It turned out to be high.
The researchers said their findings may be explained by lifestyle habits associated with pessimism. For example, the most pessimistic smokers were more likely to continue their habit after hospitalization, while the majority of the most optimistic quit smoking.
“We don't really understand how emotions such as pessimism affect health, but they can have a negative impact on cardiovascular health through their effects on stress, blood pressure, blood flow, and contributing to chronic low-grade inflammation. It is hypothesized that this may contribute to the health of people,” says Professor Ioanna Tzolaki. She completed her PhD in chronic disease epidemiology at Imperial College London.
height
Scientists have known for decades that there is a correlation between height and health, with studies showing that type 2 diabetes and Alzheimer's disease are more prevalent among shorter people. It has been suggested that tall people have a higher risk of cancer and blood clots.
In a further blow to people with vertical disabilities, a 2015 study from the University of Leicester found that for every 6.5 cm below average height, the arteries that supply blood to the heart narrow, increasing the risk of coronary artery disease. It has been found. Number of heart attacks – 13.5% increase.
Until this paper was published, scientists had found no link between short stature and poor heart health, and that short people were more likely to have lacked nutritious diets in childhood. Or, they thought it was due to other factors, such as being more likely to be in a poor socio-economic environment.
However, the results of a recent study based on genetic data from nearly 200,000 people show that genes associated with short stature increase the risk of coronary artery disease, while genetic variants known to increase height protect against coronary artery disease. It suggests.
“Short people are more likely to develop heart disease than tall people,” Professor Tzolaki says. “The association between height and cardiovascular disease may involve lipid profile, blood pressure, lung function, and heart rate.”
snore
Everyone snores from time to time, whether it's because you're choking with a cold or you've had a few too many glasses of wine. However, regular snoring, where your breathing stops and starts during sleep, can be a sign of sleep apnea.
These repeated interruptions in breathing are thought to damage the heart and wider cardiovascular system and, if left untreated, can lead to high blood pressure, stroke, and heart attack.
A Stanford University study looked at data from 766,000 U.S. adults between the ages of 20 and 50, and found that people with sleep apnea are more likely to have sleep apnea than those without. They found that they were 60 percent more likely to have a stroke in 10 years. A person who snores.
Sanjiv Narayan, professor of medicine at the university and lead author of the study, presented the findings at the European Society of Cardiology Congress in August. He said at the time: “Sleep apnea is a very common condition, but we ignore it because we think of it as something trivial or just a nuisance.” No one really showed us the magnitude of the risk.”
